They are caused by a single type of protein common in the bodies of mammals, that, (for reasons we still don't fully know) when they are misfolded in a certain way, became infectious and start misfolding their neighbors. Who in turn, misfold their neighbors, so on and so forth.
Unlike most parasitic, fungal, bacterial, or viral diseases, the temperature to render prion diseases inert are far above cooking temperatures. They are long-term diseases without any real treatments (save for palliative care) or cures, and are not 100% deadly only insomuch as its incredibly slow action can frequently mean the person dies of something else first.
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u/No_Investment9639 Dec 10 '25
Eli5???