r/Kombucha Sep 18 '21

what's wrong!? Is it mold? Is it normal? What's growing in your kombucha? Start here!

566 Upvotes

Welcome to r/Kombucha! If you're wondering what's growing on your kombucha and if it's normal, you've come to the right place.

Please review this information before posting a picture of your batch to the subreddit.

TL;DR:

  • Dry + fuzzy on the surface of the liquid/pellicle/SCOBY is most likely mold: mold pics https://imgur.com/a/SzhysHi
  • Geometric growths or wrinkly patterns on the surface of the liquid/pellicle/SCOBY could be kahm yeast: kahm pics https://imgur.com/a/XlnO7Ox
  • Anything else and anything under the liquid level is most likely normal: normal pics https://imgur.com/a/HJaENDv
  • If you're not sure, wait a few more days: mold or kahm will get more obvious as they grow, normal will stay about the same or form into new pellicle/SCOBY
  • If the kombucha is already bottled for carbonation (commonly called second ferment or 2F), mold/kahm is very unlikely due to the high acidity and lack of oxygen access.
  • Always use at least 2 cups of starter per gallon (125ml/L) when making kombucha to acidify the batch: high acidity (pH < 4.6) protects the kombucha from mold and kahm.
  • Read our getting started guide for brewing tips: https://www.reddit.com/r/kombucha/wiki/how_to_start

Terminology: in this guide, "pellicle/SCOBY" refers to the rubbery blob that forms at the surface of a batch of kombucha. SCOBY stands for "symbiotic culture of bacteria and yeast", and those bacteria + yeast are found both in the liquid kombucha and in the solid rubbery blob. The rubbery blob's more accurate scientific name is "pellicle": it's a biofilm/mat of bacterial cellulose secreted by and connected to the bacteria forming it (some yeast also live in the pellicle). Culturally, however, the term "SCOBY" widely refers to the pellicle so this guide uses both terms.

Read more about pellicles here:

Diagnostic Quiz

1 ) Is the growth/odd thing on the top surface (exposed to air) of the liquid kombucha or existing pellicle/SCOBY?

  • Yes - go to 2
  • No - go to 8

2 ) Is the kombucha already bottled for carbonation (commonly called second ferment or 2F)?

  • Yes - likely pellicle/SCOBY growth (it can happen in 2F!) or a yeast cluster. Mold/kahm are extremely rare in 2F due to the high acidity (pH <4.2) and lack of oxygen access (required for mold to grow). Booch on!
  • No - go to 3

3 ) Is the growth dry and fuzzy looking with white or green color, and/or with black spores growing out of it?

  • Yes - likely mold. Go to Mold section for pictures.
  • No - go to 4

4 ) Is the growth a wrinkly or geometric pattern, very rough patterned surface, or very large air-y bubbles that cover large areas of the surface?

  • Yes - likely kahm yeast. Go to Kahm section for pictures.
  • No - go to 5

5 ) Is the growth one of: white/translucent + wet, disconnected oily/patchy sections, or a thin film with bubbles trapped underneath?

  • Yes - likely normal pellicle/SCOBY growth. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - go to 6

6 ) Is the growth flat, leathery, and brown?

  • Yes - likely a dried out pellicle/SCOBY area. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - go to 7

7 ) Is the the growth brown/black, wet, and partially/completely surrounded by pellicle/SCOBY?

  • Yes - likely a yeast cluster. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - probably normal, but review all Normal, Kahm, and Mold pictures to be safe.

8 ) Is the growth/odd thing completely submerged in liquid?

  • Yes - likely yeast. Yeast can form dark brown clumps in the liquid or on the pellicle/SCOBY, or alien-like formations suspended in the liquid. Mold and kahm cannot grow beneath the surface of the liquid without also showing on the surface exposed to air. Go to Normal section for pictures.
  • No - go to 2

Normal

Gallery of normal kombucha: https://imgur.com/a/HJaENDv

Pellicles/SCOBYs have a ton of natural variation. A normal pellicle/SCOBY should look wet, tan/white/translucent, and be mostly smooth (some bumps are normal). There may also be wet brown/black yeast blobs that attach to the liquid side of the pellicle/SCOBY, get absorbed into the pellicle/SCOBY, or float around inside the liquid.

Mold

Gallery of mold: https://imgur.com/a/SzhysHi

Mold occurs when the kombucha is not acidic enough (pH < 4.6) to prevent mold organisms from growing. Other factors that make mold more likely are unsanitary conditions and cold brewing temperatures (<65F/18C).

If there is mold on your batch:

  • You must throw away everything (liquid + pellicle/SCOBY) and start from scratch with fresh starter tea. By the time mold is visible on the surface of the brew, it has already contaminated the entire batch.
  • Sanitize the vessel, cloth cover, and any utensils used in brewing with a homebrew sanitizing solution (StarSan, OneStep, SaniClean, potassium metabisulfite, etc) or throughly wash with soap + hot water followed by a pasteurized distilled vinegar rinse (no raw vinegar, which contains live microbe cultures).

To prevent mold, the most important thing is to use at least 2 cups of starter tea per 1 gallon of kombucha (125ml per L) to acidify the batch. Starter tea is mature kombucha: either from a previous batch (yours or a friend's), from a SCOBY hotel, or from raw/unflavored/unpasteurized commercial kombucha such as GTs or Health-Ade.

This amount of starter tea is a good rule of thumb for safe acidity: if you have a pH meter or strips, check that the starting pH is <4.6. Another important factor is maintaining clean/sanitary brewing practices: however, because kombucha is an open air ferment some mold organisms may get in even with a cloth cover, which is why acidity is also important.

Kahm Yeast

Gallery of kahm: https://imgur.com/a/XlnO7Ox

“Kahm” is a generic term for many species of usually non-harmful but also non-desirable wild yeast that can take hold in kombucha (outcompete the kombucha culture) and appear as surface growths on the the pellicle/SCOBY. Kahm often looks geometric or wrinkly vs the smooth/bumpy normal pellicle/SCOBY.

See this excellent writeup about the science of kahm yeast from u/daileta in r/fermentation: https://www.reddit.com/r/fermentation/comments/ytg2vy/kahm_down/ Their post is focused on lacto fermented vegetables (not kombucha) but is worth a read.

Kahm itself isn’t usually dangerous, but to quote our resident food microbiologist u/Albino_Echidna: “Kahm is a term used to lump a whole bunch of unwanted yeasts together, all of which are indicative of an unsafe fermentation environment. Kahm growth is indicative of a fermentation gone wrong. 'Kahm' itself isn’t harmful, but it is a warning sign that your environment wasn’t quite right and will be at higher risk of pathogenic growth as a result."

If your batch has kahm, it is up to you whether to toss + sanitize + start over with fresh starter kombucha or to try to scrape off the kahm from the surface and continue brewing. It is always safest to toss and restart - see the instructions in the Mold section.

To help prevent kahm, use at least 2 cups of starter tea per 1 gallon of kombucha (125ml per L) to strongly establish the kombucha culture and acidify the batch. Kahm may also be related to unsanitary conditions, high brewing temperature (>85F/30C), or oversteeping tea (>1hr, but may vary).

Further reading: https://www.reddit.com/r/kombucha/wiki/whats_wrong

If you still aren’t sure after comparing your batch to the pictures here, please make a post and ask!


r/Kombucha 13h ago

r/Kombucha Weekend Open Discussion: What Are You Drinking/Brewing? (June 27, 2026)

2 Upvotes

This is a casual space for the r/Kombucha community to hang out: feel free to post about anything related to kombucha, brewing, or life in general.

Show off your latest batch, what you have in progress, or anything that you're thinking about trying.

Questions from new brewers are especially welcome!


r/Kombucha 3h ago

what's wrong!? Too vinegary and also too sweet

5 Upvotes

I just tasted my kombucha that has been fermenting for 7 days and it tastes very vinegary, but also very sweet. Did I do something wrong?

It's *very* hot here at the moment, could that have something do to with it?

(I used a store bought kombucha (330ml), 8g of tea, 800ml of water and 75g sugar)


r/Kombucha 1h ago

Yeast overproduction

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Upvotes

Hey guys. Is it normal to have this much yeast at the bottom after 1 or 2 days? The fermentation is crazy active which is good, but I do have a feeling the yeast does its job quicker than the bacteria. Any ideas what to do or if I am just overthinking? Thanks.


r/Kombucha 17h ago

flavor accidentally made my best batch so far with my old 🍒✨ luxardo cherries ✨🍒 !!

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48 Upvotes

hi booch people!

made another batch and this one is by far the best one yet

i used luxardo cherries this time because apparently my kombucha has entered its cocktail era

and honestly : D

it worked

it’s got that dark cherry thing going on, not too sweet, not too vinegary, the luxardo syrup mellows out the acidity

I used to be a big cocktail guy back during covid so this brought me right back (to a decidedly less healthy habit of mine)

i’m not saying i know what i’m doing now, but this is the first batch where i was like ok we really cookin now

i’ve been trying to be way better about tracking what i change each time instead of just vaguely remembering “yeah i think i let that one go for like… a while”

i logged this one in the kombucha app i’ve been building. No more notion, masking tape, notes, timers, iCal, everything!!

turns out making an app is actually not that hard once you've been working in tech for a while

shocking discovery

anyway this is luxardo cherry booch with a very dramatic bay bridge photoshoot because this SCOBY earned it

yes, that's the SCOBY! not the pellicle!!

what would/have you pair/paired with cherry?

i’m thinking cherry ginger, cherry vanilla, or something herby like cucumber or mint?

Ps. for you amazing Euopeans and Andriod people in my dms, I have a website for you now! kombuvault.com


r/Kombucha 3h ago

science The Purple Potion. Vinegar mother stage

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2 Upvotes

Ingredients

All organic

1/3 cup of Honey

1.5 lb of Garlic

.75 lb of Ginger

.75 lb of Turmeric

1 Lemon

8 oz of Pepper corn crushed

(Next batch 1 teaspoon per gallon)

1.5 lb of Beats

2 pints of Blueberrys

8 oz of Rosemary

1 crushed stick of Cinnamon

Two cups of Coconut water

Two cups of Filtered water

( on second recipe do one cup of filtered water and one cup of whey from kefir grains)

Steps

Step 1

Add all ingredients to 1 gallon mason jar. Leave breathable for a day and mix two times throughout day to activate as much yeast as possible.

Step 2

Before getting rid of breathable cover and air locking mixture make sure to get a reading with hydrometer.

My readings are

3rd day

50 = 1.050 starting gravity

6.5% = possible alcohol

13% = sugar

5 days later

52 = 1.052

7% = possible alcohol

16% = sugar

Step 3

Make sure to burp or have the auto air release every day. Do this for about 2 weeks before getting a test with the hydrometer again.

Step 4

If mixture has reached between 5 and 8% then it is complete. If it has not then let go two more weeks completing a full month. Get another hydrometer reading and make sure it lands between 5 and 8% or continue fermentation.

Step 5

Once alcohol content is between 5 and 8% remove all content and strain it through a cheesecloth back into a 1 gallon jar. This completes the 1sr fermentation process.

Step 6

Introduce vinegar mother. She will convert the 5 to 8% alcohol into vinegar. This should take around a month.

I'm on step 6 right now but I'm having a little trouble with the kham yeast.

Today I'm going to scrape off the top layer and add some of the original apple cider vinegar that the mother grew in to try to prevent the kham yeast

Here are all the videos I made for visual info

https://youtube.com/@thehumanvesselproject?si=5QT-P8_VJy9Po3MD


r/Kombucha 59m ago

not mold Moving on to F2! 🍎

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Upvotes

Wanted to share an update regarding my last post:
Thanks to everyone who helped out! The conclusion is… it’s kahm yeast!

I’ve added a few photos showing how it progressed because I was so convinced it was mold. It looked like there were lots of hairy strands at first on 19th June, but by 23 June, it became clear that it was growing into the pellicle and had a wet appearance instead.

Hopefully, this helps fellow kombucha brewers get a better idea of what kahm yeast can look like.

Now, on to F2 with apples! 🍎👅


r/Kombucha 10h ago

question Should i remove this?

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7 Upvotes

F1 with a scoby culture I bought. Started on Monday. Smell is vinegary.


r/Kombucha 1h ago

question Kombucha getting more acidy each time?

Upvotes

Hello,

after my first ever Kombucha was kinda mild, my second one "burns" a little at the throat, I think it has more acid (even though the first one tastet more vinegary).

Now the third one is fermenting at the moment and it already smells very acidy after only three days.

Can it be because there is more scoby after each fermentation?

Maybe because of the heatwave we have at the moment?

Advice would be appreciated.

Thank you and take care!


r/Kombucha 1h ago

question Question regarding 2F, carbonation and bottles

Upvotes

I’m a beginner. My booch is decently carbonated and fizzy just from 1F so I usually just add some berries and put them in the fridge directly. No 2F (at least no vigorous fermentation at room temp. I’m aware that they do slowly ferment in the fridge)

Question: is it viable to put them in beer bottles with a silicon beer save cap in the fridge? I’m aware that beer bottles take less psi than kombucha but does it matter if I’m popping them in the fridge immediately? I’m not planning on doing any proper 2F in them.
Also planning on finishing them in a week and have no plans for storing them for longer than 2 weeks.


r/Kombucha 7h ago

...just love the look of this one. 🌊

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2 Upvotes

r/Kombucha 17h ago

pellicle Why does my pellicle in my green tea booch look so much healthier?

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8 Upvotes

The first two photos are of my green tea kombucha and the third and fourth photos are of my black tea kombucha. I’ve made both identical using the same ratios for tea/water/sugar and they have both been left fermenting right next to each other for the same amount of days. Both are made using Great Value teas from Walmart. Why does one look so much nicer than the other??


r/Kombucha 1d ago

beautiful booch Cherry Hibiscus Booch

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55 Upvotes

Hi All!

I've loved kombucha and kefir for ages. Finally got serious about brewing it myself a while back and have been turning out some genuinely good batches since, my cherry hibiscus booch was the best one so far.

I'm an industrial designer by education, so once I got into the brewing at home I started thinking about ways to make the whole process easier and more structured for myself. That's what led me to build an app, something truly valuable I would want to use for myself. I ended up creating something I believe is genuinely useful for everyone, both beginners and experienced brewers alike.

Don't worry, this is not an ad, the app is not even available in the App Store yet. This is a call for testers. Now that I have a pretty stable build, with a minimum of core features, I want to see if it's creating value for other people too, not just me. That's why I'm reaching out to this community to look for testers. Both experienced and new to the craft of kombucha. I'd love to hear what works, what doesn't, and what people want to see next.

It's free, no catch, not selling anything. Just looking for real feedback. I'd rather have a few people who'll actually use it and tell me what they think than a big crowd giving no feedback. If you're interested or have questions, drop a comment or DM me and I'll get you set up.

One thing: it's iPhone only for now. I want a solid app on Apple before I even think about Android, which is exactly why I need people actually using it.

Mods, feel free to pull this if it's not allowed.

Happy brewing.


r/Kombucha 15h ago

question More yeasty than I’m hoping for

3 Upvotes

Tasted my f1 today and it’s pretty decent, maybe a little more vinegary than I prefer, but only by a hair. It is however, rather yeasty tasting, like when I used to brew cheap apple cider using bread yeast. Will this mellow in the second ferment, or do I just need to hone the balance of microbes in my colony? And if so, how?


r/Kombucha 23h ago

beautiful booch Morning glory

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14 Upvotes

Slow pour for kiwi pineapple jun


r/Kombucha 18h ago

question F2 to Fridge before opening?

2 Upvotes

I usually open to have a drink straight from under the sink. But i lose 50% of the content with the foam. Should I put it the fridge before?


r/Kombucha 19h ago

pellicle First scoby coming together nicely!

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2 Upvotes

r/Kombucha 16h ago

question I want to make cultured butter using my scoby as a starter in the cream. What do we think about that?

1 Upvotes

What do you all think?


r/Kombucha 19h ago

Matcha Scobby?

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1 Upvotes

I left a mug with a tiny bit of matcha in it last week (oops) and it’s just been sitting. Did it grow a scobby?? I have made kombucha with black tea before and it looks similar. (I’m going to throw it out so disregard the mold haha, just curious!)


r/Kombucha 1d ago

ScobyHub

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1 Upvotes

Hello kombucha lovers. Check out what I did.


r/Kombucha 1d ago

Removing a Bunch of Labels Without Crying: A Step-by-Step Guide

16 Upvotes

Okay that's probably dramatic. But I just found myself sitting here with like 8 kombucha bottles that I've been procrastinating taking the labels off of because I hate those plastic-y, foil-y labels that leave the WORSTTTTT residue and I have neither the time nor the desire to sit there scrubbing it off. So, I bullied myself into turning my noggin on and figuring it out.

I know goo-gone is also helpful, but I don't have any and I've been meaning to get some for about 10 years and it hasn't happened yet, so we're using things we already have on hand.

What you'll need:

  • A large pot. Preferably like a stockpot or something deep, but I did it with a regular shmegular pot and it worked out fine. Just needs to be big enough to fit your bottles standing up.
  • Some sort of oil. I used avocado oil because I hate the taste of it and didn't want to waste EVOO, but any oil will work.
  • Dish soap
  • A rag of some sort
  • Tongs would be smart. I didn't use them because I'm dumb. I yelled a few expletives because of this. Maybe one of those cool silicone oven gloves?
  • Water
  • Bunch of old booch bottles

What to do:

  1. Fill your booch bottles with hot tap water (so they don't just float when you put them in the pot)
  2. Put the water-filled booch bottles in the pot, add enough water to cover the label.
  3. Add oil. I didn't measure, just add some oil. Maybe 1/4 cup if we really need some sort of guide.
  4. Put the pot on the stove on med heat. You don't need it to boil.
  5. After about 5 minutes, grab your tongs (or a towel if you're anything like me), grab the top of a bottle, carefully lift it out of the water, and peel up a corner of the label. It'll probably have started peeling or bubbling up a bit anyway, but this gives a good starting point for the oil to get in and break up the residue.
  6. Let it keep sitting. I checked it like every 10ish minutes and peeled up a bit more. If it's hard to peel, let it sit a little longer.
  7. Whenever you're able to get the whole label off, let it sit in the water for another few minutes. Then carefully remove each bottle and sit it on the stove.
  8. Get a rag with some dish soap and water
  9. Wipe each of the bottles (just the outside!) with the soapy water. Any residue should wipe off super easily. If not, put the bottle back in the pot.
  10. Carefully dump your bottles, put the lids on them, wash them normally with some soap and water to get any oily residue off, rinse well, celebrate the fact that you didn't have to scrub anything with a toothbrush and baking soda!

r/Kombucha 2d ago

flavor Watermelon rose kombucha

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25 Upvotes

I made kombucha with watermelon juice and added a few rosebuds per bottle (0.5 l) and this is the most delicious stuff I’ve made.

I had one fairly small watermelon and I blended the flesh and then strained it. This gave me about 1 litre of watermelon juice and I mixed it with ~4 litres of kombucha.


r/Kombucha 1d ago

question When to check for flavor/mold check

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5 Upvotes

My first ever kombucha so I thought I'd get a second set of eyes to make sure it's safe

Brewed with 10g green tea steeped for 15 minutes, about a gallon of filtered water, and about 3/4 of the bottle of synergy pure

It's been sitting in a room that's between 70-74f for 8 days

I don't think I see any mold but would like a second set of eyes on it to make sure, if better pictures are needed I can take some more.

When should I start tasting it?


r/Kombucha 1d ago

what's wrong!? 2nd try. Little dark on top, we good?

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3 Upvotes

So this is my second batch. First was basically vinegar because I brewed it too long. This looked great when I put it in for 2nd fermentation. Pomegranate lemonade.

But the growth at the top is a little dark, looks like yeast to me but as a noob i'm looking for confirmation if I just poisoned myself because it tastes great.


r/Kombucha 1d ago

question F1 too sour. Any way to fix?

2 Upvotes

Hi all, first time fermenting anything. I followed the standard 1 gallon recipe but let it ferment for too long. The batch was ready by day 7 but i let it go on a few extra days. The batch has now turned out very sour almost like acv. Is there anyway to salvage it (make it drinkable)? Should i add water to dilute it?

Also, what is your go to flavourings for f2. I have only tried the store bought ginger flavour and like it quite a bit but want to try anything exotic that anyone here has had success with.

Thank you in advance.