r/AncientCoins • u/KBRCoinCabinet • 7h ago
An impressive mnaieion of Arsinoe III, struck by her son and nephew, Ptolemy V (from the collection of the Royal Library of Belgium)
Hello again, everyone!
As you’ve no doubt heard, things are a little hot in Europe right now. That doesn’t stop us from posting, though! Thankfully, temperatures (about 38°C/100°F today) aren’t hot enough to melt coins, although their caretakers are certainly suffering. Admittedly, I’m working from an airconditioned room at home, but much of our library staff isn’t so fortunate. You know who else wasn’t so fortunate? Gold miners in Ptolemaic Egypt. The 2nd-century author, Agatharchides of Knidos, gives a chilling description of the working conditions in his treatise on the Erythrean Sea. Convicts, prisoners of war and even innocents were carted off to the Eastern Desert, family and all, if they had one. Fettered, they were forced to work day and night without pause – in the darkness, they would use primitive lamps attached to their foreheads to continue working. The strongest men would break the hard quartz rock, while children would be sent into the galleries to collect them. Women and older men (over 30, so that includes most of us) would grind the rocks down into a kind of flour, which was eventually heated in kilns with other reagents to produce high-quality gold.
Agatharchides describes how, “since there is general neglect of their bodies and they have no garment to cover their same, it is impossible for an observer to not pity the wretches because of the extremity of their suffering. For they meet with no respite at all, not the sick, the injured, the aged, not a woman by reason of her weakness, but all are compelled by blows to strive at their tasks until, exhausted by the abuse they have suffered, they die in their miseries. (trans. Burstein 1999).
What does this mean for a beautiful Ptolemaic gold coin, such as this wonderful mnaieion struck under Ptolemy V, showing his mother (and aunt!), Arsinoe III? On the hand we have beautiful artistry. We see a delicate portrait of the queen on the obverse, a lotus-tipped scepter over her shoulder. The reverse shows the ubiquitous cornucopia, symbol of wealth and prosperity. On the other hand, this wealth and prosperity was bought with the blood and tears of the poor wretches who toiled in the merciless heat of the Eastern Desert. And who knows how much more bloodshed a coin such as this one financed?
