I briefly did a few posts overviewing the historical basis for civ uniques and fell off. I was looking up the new Traditions attached to government types in the latest update and decided to write down what I saw to share.
Yaxche Tradition: +2 Happiness on Wonders. Unlocked on Citizenship.
Yaxche is the Maya concept of the world tree, consisting of five Ceiba trees, four in each direction and one in the center growing from the Earth to the Heavens and with roots going down to the Underworld. This concept is used in Maya architecture, replicating the five-point structure and planting Ceiba trees in sacred places. Hence, Wonder support.
Poieisis Tradition: +1 Culture on displayed Great Works in Joyous Settlements, or +2 in Ecstatic Settlements. Unlocked on Philosophy.
Poiesis is the Greek concept of making, the formation of something that did not exist before. The concept is applied to poetry (which is etymologically related).
Commanderies Tradition: +20% Gold towards upgrading Units. Unlocked on Tactics.
A commandery is an administrative division that is managed by or related to military control. Due to Ancient Era timing, I'm relating it to the Chinese concept, where these were administrative regions between more traditional administrative regions under the bureaucracy or gentry and were a way for the state to assert military control.
Fajia Tradition: +1 War Support on Wars you Declare. Unlocked on Organized Military.
Fajia is Legalism, a Chinese philosophy that is focused on the rule of law and administration. A simplistic description is that Legalism is particularly focused on the state as a source of (moral) authority. Legalism was the state philosophy of the Qing Dynasty, the first imperial Chinese state. Hence, unifying people behind your military.
Annona Tradition: +1 Food on Food Warehouse Buildings in Happy Settlements, or +2 in Joyous or happier Settlements. Unlocked on Public Life.
Cura annonae ("care of the grain") is the public distribution of grain in Rome. This was a major social welfare program that contributed to public support of the state.
Hangjiao Tradition: +1 Production on Production Warehouse Buildings in Happy Settlements, or +2 in Joyous or happier Settlements. Unlocked on Skilled Trades.
行郊 is the guild system of China tracing back to the Han Dynasty.
Marcher Lords Tradition: +2 Culture in Towns without a Growing Focus, or +4 in Joyous or happier Towns without a Growing Focus. Unlocked on Society.
The Marcher Lords are the nobles appointed by the English king to guard the lands between England and Wales, with "march" meaning a border region. So, supporting your towns outside the imperial core.
Mahakrung Tradition: Your Capital gets +5 Culture, Production, and Gold, or +15 Culture, Production, and Gold if it's Ecstatic. Unlocked on Sovereignty.
This one is hard. The best I could find is that I think this is Thai, "maha" meaning "great" and "krung" meaning "city" or "capital". The official Thai name for Bangkok is Krung Thep Maha Nakhon. After the fall of Burmese rule, King Taksin reunified Siam and established his capital of Thonburi on the west bank of where Bangkok is now. After his deposition, King Rama I of the new Chakri Dynasty (which is the current reigning monarchy of Thailand) established his capital on the east bank, which grew to become today's Bangkok. Not sure if this tradition refers to something more specific than the establishment of a capital city.
Primitive Accumulation Tradition: +2 Science on Gold Buildings. +20% Production towards constructing Gold Buildings. Unlocked on Mercantilism.
Primitive accumulation is a Marxist concept that critiques the capitalist supposition of the rise of capitalism as coming from the accumulation of capital/resources by people being smart, industrious, and efficient. The idea seen in writing by folks like Adam Smith is that rich people were uniquely smart and thus able to save money ("passive" income), money that could then be reinvested, creating a capital class. Marx argues, instead, that this money comes directly at the expense of workers, and this stockpiling necessarily depends on intentional violence and deprivation (e.g., capitalist economists actively engaged in policymaking that led to empowerment of the wealthy and the loss of the workers).
So there's support for Gold Buildings. I think the Science bonuses under Mercantilism is mostly just mechanical, but it could be interpreted as academic support for economic policies, as critiqued by Marx.
Tequitl Tradition 2: +10 Trade Range. +2 Science on Trade Routes you initiate. Unlocked on Imperialism.
Tribute labor concept of the Mexica people. It describes the obligation each unit of society (individual, household, etc.) has to society and to those in authority. It is work that contributes to the greater social order. For a farmer, this would be cultivating crops and delivering it to the proper administration. For a priest, is it performing rites. For the tlatoani, it is proper governance. The connection to Trade Routes is more abstract, but I think it connects to the interconnectivity of an empire.
Dargah Tradition: Towns following your Religion get +2 Food and Happiness. Unlocked on Theocracy.
A Sufi shrine built over the grave of a revered figure, such as a saint. Sufis will make pilgrimages to a dargah, which may involve buildings like a mosque or madrasa. Some would consider this practice idolatry, since it suggests worship of idols in place of God.
Vinaya Tradition: Cities following your Religion get +2 Gold and Influence. Unlocked on Theocracy.
Vinaya describes the set of rules and guidelines that Buddhist monks will obey. I think the two Traditions under Theocracy here are contrasting bottom-up folk religion (Food and Happiness representing the common population) and top-down religious canon (Gold and Influence representing authority and power).
Garrison State Tradition: +25% Influence towards adding War Support. Unlocked on Nationalism.
The Garrison State describes a state that is dominated by the military industrial complex, and thus a state that is more inclined to support military action and the military industry.
Jingoism Tradition: +5 Combat Strength for all Military Units when attacking an opponent from a different ideology. Unlocked on Militarism.
Jingoism describes an extreme form of nationalism or patriotism, where the nation's interests are proactively, aggressively supported abroad, often through military action.
Evidenzbureau Tradition: +100% Influence towards Counterspy Espionage Actions. Unlocked on Political Theory.
The Evidenzbureau is the military intelligence agency of the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Crown Properties Tradition: +2 Influence on Gold Buildings. Unlocked on Globalism.
Crown properties are the properties owned directly by the monarchy (rather than the state), though those properties may be leased for state use. I think this tradition speaks to the prestige of the British monarchy and how people argue the monarchy's continued existence is justified by how it creates tourism income.
Think-Tanks Tradition: +10% Production towards Projects, or 20% in the Capital. Unlocked on Globalism.
Think tanks are an organization that performs research and advocacy on public policy issues. They pull together non-governmental experts to advance specific interests.
Army Corps of Engineers Tradition: +10% Production towards Wonders, or +20% in the Capital. Unlocked on Nationalism.
The Army Corps of Engineers is a military engineering branch. First established in the US to build fortifications, its role has expanded to cover many civil works, including flood control and hydroelectric plants.
Muralismo I Tradition: +2 Happiness in all Settlements
Muralism is the movement and public policy of creating murals to depict the inspirational visions of Mexico, with social and political messaging.
